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Overview and Vision of VET

This section provides an overview of VET systems and key developments made by countries since the preceding round of the Torino Process.

Vision and Progress

Social, political, and economic developments

Education and VET policy developments

Key factors behind developments outlined in A2

Economic Reform Programme for EU candidate countries

Legislation

Legislative adjustments in VET

Economic and labour market factors shaping skills demand

This section focuses on VET from an economic and labour market perspective, including skills anticipation and matching, and the transition to work.

Overview of economic and labour market factors that shape demand for skills

Economic and demographic factors

Labour market situation and key challenges

Skills demand and supply

Identifying skills demand

Solutions for identifying skills demand

Solutions for matching skills supply with demand

Matching skills with labour market needs

Challenges in generating labour market data

Better transitions to work

Factors affecting the transition to work

The role of VET in the transition to work

Career guidance provision

Business creation and self-employment

b10

Monitoring VET graduates self-employment and business creation

b11

Entrepreneurship as a key competency in VET

b12

Entrepreneurship and career guidance

Socioeconomic Factors Shaping Demand for VET

This section looks at the demand for VET education as determined by demographic and social developments.

Overview of sociodemographic factors that shape demand for VET provision

Key factors of social inclusion agenda

Access, Participation, Progression

Promoting the access of learners to VET

Measures to increase attractiveness

Transitions from general education to VET

Data collection around vulnerable sub-groups

Socioeconomic and Inclusion Demands and Objectives

Learning opportunities offered, with a focus on disadvantaged groups and NEETs

Actions taken to make VET more inclusive

Internal Efficiency of the VET System

This section considers the system’s ability to deliver intended results.

Teaching and Learning

Evaluating VET teachers and trainers

Continual professional development opportunities

Shortages and social status of VET teachers and trainers

Methods of teaching and learning in VET

Learning Conditions

Improvements to VET learning and training environments

Policy and provision of work-based learning in VET

Work-based learning policy options and types

Quality Assurance

Availability and adequacy of quality assurance

Learning Outcomes

Quality of learning and VET outcomes

d10

National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and lifelong learning

d11

Defining qualifications by learning outcomes

d12

Institutions that govern the NQF

d13

Ensuring qualifications meet employers’ needs

Governance and Policy Practices in VET

This section provides an update on governance and policy practices, with a focus on the multi-level participatory policy making approach.

Update on Governance Arrangements

Changes in VET governance since the preceding Torino Process

Autonomy of VET providers

Governmental Institutions

Coordination of state actors to define VET vision and policy

Involvement on Non-State Actors

Participation and coordination of non-state actors

Distribution of functions between actors

Sectoral participation in planning and implementation of VET

Arrangements between National and Sub National Levels of Governance

Distribution of roles and responsibilities in VET governance

Participation of stakeholders at the local level

Promoting private-public partnerships

Financing of VET

e10

Resource shortfalls and the allocation of VET funding